French Open
French Open
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 | |
| Founded | 1891 |
|---|---|
| Editions | 115 (2016) |
| Location | Paris (XVIe) France |
| Venue | Tennis Club de Paris, at Auteuil (some of the years from 1895–1908) Île de Puteaux (some of the years from 1891–1908) Racing Club de France (some of the years 1891 to 1908 and also all years from 1910–1924, 1926) Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose in Bordeaux (1909) Stade Français (1925, 1927) Stade Roland Garros (1928–present) |
| Surface | Sand – Île de Puteaux Clay – All other venues (Outdoors) |
| Prize money |
€30,717,500 (2016)
$32,867,725 (2016) |
| Draw | 128S / 128Q / 64D |
| Current champions |  Novak Djokovic (singles) Feliciano López Marc López (doubles) |
| Most singles titles | 9 Rafael Nadal |
| Most doubles titles | 13 Max Decugis |
| Draw | 128S / 96Q / 64D |
| Current champions | Garbiñe Muguruza (singles) Caroline Garcia Kristina Mladenovic (doubles) |
| Most singles titles | 7 Chris Evert |
| Most doubles titles | 7 / Martina Navratilova |
| Draw | 32 |
| Current champions |  Martina Hingis Leander Paes |
| Most titles (male) | 7 Max Decugis |
| Most titles (female) | 7 Suzanne Lenglen |
| 2016 French Open | |
 2017 French Open | |
The French Open, often referred to as Roland-Garros (French: [ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs]), is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. Named after the French aviator Roland Garros, it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments,[1] the other three being the Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay, and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season. Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship, the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men's singles matches (without a tiebreak in the final set), the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]History[edit]
Officially named in French Internationaux de France de tennis and Tournoi de Roland-Garros (the "French Internationals of Tennis" or "Roland Garros Tournament" in English), the tournament is often referred to in English as the "French Open" and alternatively as "Roland Garros", which is the designation used by the tournament itself in all languages.[4] French spelling rules dictate that in the name of a place or event named after a person, the elements of the name are joined together with a hyphen.[5] Therefore, the names of the stadium and the tournament are hyphenated as Roland-Garros.
In 1891 the Championnat de France, which is commonly referred to in English as the French Championships, began. They were only open to tennis players who were members of French clubs. The first winner was a Briton—H. Briggs—who was a Paris resident. The first women's singles tournament, with four entries, was held in 1897. The mixed doubles event was added in 1902 and the women's doubles in 1907. This "French club members only" tournament was played until 1924, using four different venues during that period:
- Île de Puteaux, in Puteaux, played on sand laid out on a bed of rubble.
- The Racing Club de France (in the Bois de Boulogne, Paris), played on clay.
- For one year, 1909, it was played at the Société Athlétique de la Villa Primrose in Bordeaux, on clay.
- Tennis Club de Paris (club opened in 1895), at Auteuil, Paris, played on clay.
Another tournament, the World Hard Court Championships, is sometimes considered the precursor to the French Open as it was open to international competitors. It was held on clay courts at Stade Français in Saint-Cloud from 1912 to 1914, then, after World War I, was contested there again in 1920, 1921 and 1923, with the 1922 tournament held at Brussels, Belgium. Winners of this tournament included world no. 1's such as Tony Wilding from New Zealand (1913, 1914) and Bill Tilden from the US (1921). In 1924 there was no World Hard Court Championships due to tennis being played at the Paris Olympic Games.
In 1925, the French Championships became open to all amateurs internationally and was designated a major championship by the ILTF. It was held at the Stade Français in Saint-Cloud (site of the previous World Hardcourt Championships) in 1925 and 1927, on clay courts. In 1926 the Racing Club de France hosted the event in Paris, site of the previous French Championship, also on clay.
After the Mousquetaires or Philadelphia Four (René Lacoste, Jean Borotra, Henri Cochet, and Jacques Brugnon) won the Davis Cup on American soil in 1927, the French decided to defend the cup in 1928 at a new tennis stadium at Porte d'Auteuil. The Stade de France had offered the tennis authorities three hectares of land with the condition that the new stadium must be named after the World War I pilot, Roland Garros. The new Stade de Roland Garros, and its Center Court (which was named Court Philippe Chatrier in 1988) hosted that Davis Cup challenge. In 1928, the French Internationals were moved there, and the event has been held there ever since.[6]
During World War II the tournament was held from 1941 through 1945 on the same grounds but these editions are not recognized by the French governing body, Fédération Française de Tennis.[7] In 1946 and 1947, the French Championships were held after Wimbledon, making it the third Grand Slam event of the year. In 1968, the French Championships became the first Grand Slam tournament to go open, allowing both amateurs and professionals to compete.[6]
Since 1981, new prizes have been presented: the Prix Orange (for the player demonstrating the best sportsmanship and cooperative attitude with the press), the Prix Citron (for the player with the strongest character and personality) and the Prix Bourgeon (for the tennis player revelation of the year). In another novelty, since 2006 the tournament has begun on a Sunday, featuring 12 singles matches played on the three main courts. Additionally, on the eve of the tournament's opening, the traditional Benny Berthet exhibition day takes place, where the profits go to different charity associations. In March 2007, it was announced that the event would provide equal prize money for both men and women in all rounds for the first time.[8] In 2010, it was announced that the French Open was considering a move away from Roland Garros as part of a continuing rejuvenation of the tournament.[9] Plans to renovate and expand Roland Garros have put aside any such consideration, and the tournament remains in its long time home.
Surface characteristics[edit]
Clay courts slow down the ball and produce a high bounce when compared to grass courts or hard courts. For this reason, clay courts take away some of the advantages of big servers and serve-and-volleyers, which makes it hard for these types of players to dominate on the surface. For example, Pete Sampras, known for his huge serve and who won 14 Grand Slam titles, never won the French Open – his best result was reaching the semi-finals in 1996. Other notable players who have won multiple Grand Slam events have never won the French Open, including John McEnroe, Frank Sedgman, John Newcombe, Venus Williams, Stefan Edberg, Boris Becker, Jimmy Connors, Louise Brough, and Virginia Wade; McEnroe and Edberg lost their sole French Open finals appearances in five sets.
On the other hand, players whose games are more suited to slower surfaces, such as Rafael Nadal, Björn Borg, Ivan Lendl, Mats Wilander, Justine Henin and Chris Evert, have found great success at this tournament. In the open era, the only male players who have won both the French Open and Wimbledon, played on faster grass courts, are Rod Laver, Jan Kodeš, Björn Borg, Andre Agassi, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer. Borg's French Open—Wimbledon double was achieved three times consecutively (1978, 1979, 1980) and regarded by Wimbledon officials as "the most difficult double in tennis"[10] and "a feat considered impossible among today's players."[11]
Expansion vs. relocation[edit]
From 2004–2008 there were off and on plans to build a covered stadium with a roof.[12][13][14] There have also been various proposals to expand the facility or to move the French Open to a completely new, 55-court venue outside of Paris city limits. In 2011 it was decided to keep the tournament at Roland-Garros.[15][16]
The expansion project calls for a new stadium to be built alongside the historical Auteuil's greenhouses and expansion of old stadiums and the tournament village.[17] In May 2015, the city council voted against the expansion project, but on 9 June 2015 Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo announced the signing of the construction permits, with work scheduled to begin in September of that year and concluding in 2019.[18][19] In December 2015, the Paris Administrative Court once again halted renovation work. The French Tennis Federation is appealing the decision.[20] Opponents however vow to continue to fight the expansion plans in the courts.
Ball boys and ball girls[edit]
At the 2010 French Open there were 250 "ramasseurs de balles" which in English translates literally as "gatherers of balls". They are aged between 12 and 16 years old, and dress in matching shirts and shorts. The 250 ball boys and ball girls are chosen to take part in the French Open by an application and selection process, which in 2010 had approximately 2,500 applicants from across France.[21] Upon selection the ball boys and ball girls participate in preparatory training in the weeks leading up to the French Open to ensure that they are prepared for the day they set foot on the tennis court in front of a global audience.
Prize money and ranking points[edit]
For 2015, the prize money purse was increased to €28,028,600. If a player makes it to the indicated round, they will receive the points and money listed (provided they don't make it to a further round). Men and women often receive different point values based on the rules of their respective tours. Players receive the The prize money and points breakdown is as follows:
| Event | W | F | SF | QF | 4R | 3R | 2R | 1R | |
| Singles | Points (M/F) | 2000 | 1200 / 1300 | 720 / 780 | 360 / 430 | 180 / 240 | 90 / 130 | 45 / 70 | 10/10 |
| Prize money | €1,800,000 | €900,000 | €450,500 | €250,000 | €145,000 | €85,000 | €50,000 | €27,000 | |
| Doubles | Points (M/F) | 2000 | 1200 / 1300 | 720 / 780 | 360 / 430 | 180 / 240 | 90 / 130 | – | – |
| Prize money* | €450,000 | €225,000 | €112,500 | €61,000 | €33,000 | €18,000 | €9,000 | – | |
| Mixed Doubles | Points | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | - | - |
| Prize money* | €114,000 | €57,000 | €28,000 | €15,000 | €8,000 | €4,000 | - | - | |
*per team
Champions[edit]
Past champions[edit]
- Men's Singles, winner of the Coupe des Mousquetaires[a]
- Women's Singles, winner of the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen[b]
- Men's Doubles, winners of the Coupe Jacques Brugnon
- Women's Doubles, winners of the Coupe Simone Mathieu
- Mixed Doubles, winners of the Coupe Marcel Bernard
The trophies, designed and made by Maison Mellerio dits Meller, are all made of pure silver with finely etched decorations on their side. Each new singles winner gets his or her name written on the base of the trophy. Winners receive custom-made pure silver replicas of the trophies they have won.[22]
Current champions[edit]
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| Event | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2016 Men's Singles | Novak Djokovic |  Andy Murray | 3–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4 |
| 2016 Women's Singles | Garbiñe Muguruza | Serena Williams | 7–5, 6–4 |
| 2016 Men's Doubles | Feliciano López Marc López | Bob Bryan Mike Bryan | 6–4, 6–7(6–8), 6–3 |
| 2016 Women's Doubles | Caroline Garcia Kristina Mladenovic |  Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina | 6–3, 2–6, 6–4 |
| 2016 Mixed Doubles | Martina Hingis Leander Paes | Sania Mirza Ivan Dodig | 4–6, 6–4, [10–8] |
Records[edit]
| Record | Era | Player(s) | Num. | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men since 1891 | ||||
| Winner of most men's singles titles | Before 1925: (French club members only event) | Max Decugis | 8 | 1903, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1912, 1913, 1914 |
| 1925–1967: | Henri Cochet | 4 | 1926, 1928, 1930, 1932 Note: Also won World Hard Court Championship in 1922 | |
| After 1967: | Rafael Nadal | 9 | 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 | |
| Winner of most consecutive men's singles titles | Before 1925: (French club members only event) | Paul Aymé | 4 | 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900 |
| 1925–1967: | Frank Parker Jaroslav Drobný Tony Trabert Nicola Pietrangeli | 2 | 1948, 1949 1951, 1952 1954, 1955 1959, 1960 | |
| After 1967: | Rafael Nadal | 5 | 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 | |
| Winner of most men's doubles titles | Before 1925: (French club members only event) | Max Decugis | 13 | 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920[23] |
| 1925–1967: |  Roy Emerson | 6 | 1960, 1962 with Neale Fraser; 1961 with Rod Laver; 1963 with Manuel Santana; 1964 with Ken Fletcher; 1965 with Fred Stolle | |
| After 1967: |  Daniel Nestor Max Mirnyi | 4 | 2007 with Mark Knowles; 2010 with Nenad Zimonjić; 2011, 2012 with Max Mirnyi 2005, 2006 with Jonas Björkman; 2011, 2012 with Daniel Nestor | |
| Winner of most consecutive men's doubles titles | Before 1925: (French club members only event) | Maurice Germot | 10 | 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920[23] |
| 1925–1967: | Roy Emerson | 6 | 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | |
| After 1967: | Daniel Nestor | 3 | 2010, 2011, 2012 | |
| Winner of most mixed doubles titles – Men | Before 1925: (French club members only event) | Max Decugis | 7 | 1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909, 1914 and 1920 with Suzanne Lenglen |
| 1925-today: | Ken Fletcher Jean-Claude Barclay | 3 | 1963–1965 with Margaret Court 1968, 1971, 1973 with Françoise Dürr | |
| Winner of most titles (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – men | Before 1925: | Max Decugis | 29 | 1902–1920 (8 singles, 14 doubles, 7 mixed) |
| Winner of most titles (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – men | 1925-today: | Henri Cochet | 9 | 1926–1932 (4 singles, 3 doubles, 2 mixed) |
| Winner of most titles (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – men | 1925-today: | Rafael Nadal | 9 | 2005–2008, 2010–2014 (9 singles) |
| Women since 1897 | ||||
| Winner of most women's singles titles | Till 1967: (incl. French club members only era) | Suzanne Lenglen | 6 | 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926 Note: Also won World Hard Court Championship in 1914, 1921, 1922 & 1923 |
| After 1967: | Chris Evert | 7 | 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986 | |
| Winner of most consecutive women's singles titles | Till 1967: (incl. French club members only era) | Jeanne Matthey Suzanne Lenglen | 4 | 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 |
| After 1967: |  / Monica Seles Justine Henin | 3 | 1990, 1991, 1992 2005, 2006, 2007 | |
| Winner of most women's doubles titles | Till 1967: (incl. French club members only era) | Simonne Mathieu | 6 | 1933, 1934 with Elizabeth Ryan; 1936, 1937, 1938 with Billie Yorke; 1939 with Jadwiga Jędrzejowska |
| After 1967: | / Martina Navratilova | 7 | 1975 (with Chris Evert); 1982 with Anne Smith; 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 with Pam Shriver; 1986 with Andrea Temesvári | |
| Winner of most consecutive women's doubles titles | Till 1967: (incl. French club members only era) | Françoise Dürr | 5 | 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 |
| After 1967: | / Martina Navratilova Gigi Fernández | 5 | 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 with Pam Shriver; 1986 with Andrea Temesvári 1991 with Jana Novotná; 1992–95 with Natasha Zvereva | |
| Winner of most mixed doubles titles – women | Till 1967: (incl. French club members only era) | Suzanne Lenglen | 7 | 1914, 1920 with Max Decugis; 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926 with Jacques Brugnon |
| After 1967: | Françoise Dürr | 3 | 1968, 1971, 1973 with Jean-Claude Barclay | |
| Winner of most titles (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – women | Till 1967: (incl. French club members only era) | Suzanne Lenglen | 15 | 1919–1926 (6 singles, 2 doubles, 7 mixed) |
| After 1967: | / Martina Navratilova | 11 | 1974–1988 (2 singles, 7 doubles, 2 mixed) | |
| Miscellaneous | ||||
| Youngest winner | Men: | Michael Chang | 17 years and 3 months | |
| Women: | / Monica Seles | 16 years and 6 months | ||
| Oldest winner | Men: | Andre Vacherot | 40 years and 9 months | |
| Women: |  Zsuzsa Körmöczy | 33 years and 10 months | ||
| Unseeded Winners | Men: | Marcel Bernard Mats Wilander Gustavo Kuerten Gastón Gaudio | 1946 1982 1997 2004 | |
| Women: | Margaret Scriven | 1933 | ||
Television coverage[edit]
Broadcast rights to the French Open (as of 2016) are as follows:[24]
France[edit]
FranceTV Sports & EuroSport 1&2. France Télévisions and Eurosport hold the broadcast rights to the French Open in 2016.
United Kingdom[edit]
ITV 1, ITV2, British EuroSport. ITV Sport holds broadcasting rights to show the French Open tennis tournaments until 2018.[25] The bulk of the daily coverage is broadcast on ITV4 although both singles finals plus other weekend matches are shown on ITV1.[26] John Inverdale hosts the coverage. Commentators include Jim Courier, Amélie Mauresmo, Sam Smith, Mark Petchey, Nick Mullins and Fabrice Santoro.
Studio presentation for the French Open on British Eurosport[27] is hosted by Annabel Croft with the segment Hawk-Eye presented by former British Number 2 Jason Goodall. (Goodall was briefly ranked ahead of Chris Bailey, Nick Brown, Andrew Castle, Nick Fulwood, Mark Petchey, and James Turner, in May 1989).
United States[edit]
Tennis Channel & NBC. NBC's coverage of the French Open began in 1975.[28] Tennis Channel owns pay television rights to the tournament. Coverage of morning window (U.S. time) matches were sub-licensed to ESPN for broadcast by ESPN2 from 2007 through 2015.[29] In August 2015, ESPN announced that it would discontinue its sub-licensing and drop coverage of the French Open beginning in 2016, with network staff citing that because of the structure of the arrangement, its coverage "did not fit our successful model at the other three Majors"—where ESPN is the exclusive rightsholder.[29] Tennis Channel chose to retain these rights under its new owner Sinclair Broadcast Group, nearly doubling the amount of coverage Tennis Channel will air from Roland Garros.[30][31]
Other than a three-year stint on CBS, NBC has remained the American television network home of the French Open since 1983. NBC shows weekend morning early-round matches in the afternoon via tape-delay. If a match is still being played, it is shown live. Other broadcasters cannot show NBC's tape-delayed matches. NBC also shows a tape-delayed version of the men's semifinal, broadcasting it in the late morning of the same day. It broadcasts both singles finals live.
Other areas[edit]
- Indian Subcontinent - Star Sports.
- Canada - RDS (French) & TSN (English)
- Australia - FoxSports
- Europe - EuroSport 1 & 2
- African nations - Super Sports & BeinSport
- Caribbean - ESPN Caribbean
- South America (except Brazil) - ESPN Latin
- New Zealand - Sky NZ
- Middle East - beIN Sports
- Fiji & Pacific Islands - FoxSports
- Brazil - BandSports
See also[edit]
- List of French Open men's singles champions
- List of French Open women's singles champions
- List of French Open men's doubles champions
- List of French Open women's doubles champions
- List of French Open mixed doubles champions
- Singles Finals, records and statistics
Notes[edit]
- ^ Last French Men's Singles champion: Yannick Noah (1983).
- ^ Last French Women's Singles champion: Mary Pierce (2000).
References[edit]
- ^ Clarey, Christopher (30 June 2001). "Change Seems Essential to Escape Extinction: Wimbledon: World's Most Loved Dinosaur". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
- ^ Clarey, Christopher (26 May 2006). "In a year of change at Roland Garros, the winners may stay the same". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
- ^ "French Open – Countdown: Borg's view on RG". Eurosport. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
- ^ Christopher Clarey (23 May 2013). "A Puzzler in Paris: French Open or Roland Garros?". The New York Times.
- ^ Ramat, Aurel (1994). Le Ramat typographique. Éditions Charles Corlet. p. 63. ISBN 2854804686.
- ^ a b "Roland Garros: a venue open all year long. Past Winners and Draws". ftt.fr. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
- ^ Henry D. Fetter (6 June 2011). "The French Open During World War II: A Hidden History". The Atlantic.
- ^ "Roland Garros Awards Equal Pay". WTA Tour. 16 March 2007. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
- ^ "French Open could move away from Roland Garros in Paris". BBC News. 16 March 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
- ^ Atkin, Ronald. "Wimbledon Legends – Bjorn Borg". Wimbledon.com. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ "Strokes for Agassi: He belongs among the 10 greatest ever", Bruce Jenkins, San Francisco Chronicle, 13 September 2006
- ^ "Roland Garros set for roof". Retrieved 29 March 2015.
- ^ "French Open Adds Day; Clay Stays the Same". Retrieved 29 March 2015.
- ^ "Only 13 matches completed before rain halts play". Retrieved 29 March 2015.
- ^ Christopher Clarey (28 May 2013). "Renovation Plans in Limbo, Roland Garros Faces Future". The New York Times.
- ^ Andrew Roberts (14 February 2011). "French Open Tennis Will Stay in Paris at Upgraded Roland Garros". Bloomberg.
- ^ "Modernising Roland Garros stadium". Fédération Française de Tennis (FFT).
- ^ Kamakshi Tandon (29 May 2015). "Paris city council votes against French Open expansion project". Tennis,com.
- ^ "Roland Garros Revamp Gets Green Light". NDTV. 10 June 2015.
- ^ "French Federation to Appeal against Roland Garros´ Modernization suspension!". Tennis World. 26 March 2016.
- ^ Branch, John (1 June 2010). "Ball Kids Wake Up The French Open". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ "An A to Z of Roland Garros". www.rolandgarros.com. Fédération Française de Tennis (FFT).
- ^ a b "French Open winners". Rolland Garros. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ "TV channels broadcasting French Open 2016". Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ "French Open to stay on ITV until 2018". ITV Press Centre. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ Deans, Jason (28 October 2011). "ITV nets French Open tennis TV rights". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Laughlin, Andrew (30 January 2012). "Eurosport renews French, US Open rights deals". Digital Spy. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^ Fang, Ken (23 May 2013). "NBC Begins Coverage of The 2013 French Open This Sunday". Fang's Bites. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- ^ a b "ESPN drops the French Open, NBCSN could step in". Awful Announcing. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ Umstead, R. Thomas (14 March 2016). "Tennis Channel Extends French Open Pay TV Rights". Multichannel News. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ Ourand, John & Kaplan, Daniel, - (3 August 2015). "ESPN bids French Open adieu after 13 years". Sports Business Journal. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
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